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When in Amsterdam, a visit to the Central Station is practically inevitable. Nearly every traveler to the city encounters it at least once.

Amsterdam Centraal is the largest railway station in the city and has the second longest railway platform in the country, with a length of 695 meters, and a cast-iron platform roof spanning approximately 40 meters. A major international railway hub, it is used daily by almost 200,000 passengers, making it the Netherlands' most visited national heritage object.

Amsterdam Centraal was designed by Dutch architect Pierre Cuypers, featuring a blend of Gothic and Renaissance Revival elements.

The station was constructed on three artificial islands, between 1882 and 1889. Controversially located at the city's waterfront, it took a precise total of 8,687 wooden piles to anchor such a monumental structure on the marshy ground. The station spurred significant urban redevelopment and shifted Amsterdam鈥檚 focus from a waterfront to an inland city, influencing both transportation and city planning.

Its design celebrates Dutch economic and colonial prowess through various decorative elements. Initially, the entire project seemed like a huge blunder and was swiftly criticized by numerous experts. However, the architects persevered and ultimately vindicated themselves, defying skeptics.

Through the decades, Amsterdam Centraal has undergone multiple renovations and expansions to meet modern demands. Significant developments included the creation of a pedestrian tunnel in the 1950s, expansion of metro facilities in the late 1970s, and a major overhaul in the 1980s and 1990s that introduced new signaling systems, expanded tracks, and additional roofing. Recent upgrades focus on enhancing capacity and accessibility, including extended platforms for international trains, a new bus station, and upgraded retail spaces, marking it as a central hub in Amsterdam鈥檚 urban landscape.

Tip:
Take advantage of the several free ferry trips navigating the canals, departing every 5 to 15 minutes from this location; they offer a rewarding experience. You can even cruise back to the station via boat if you wish, rounding out your visit with a picturesque waterborne journey.

Haarlemmerstraat, one of Amsterdam's newest and trendiest shopping streets, is a prime destination for boutique enthusiasts, high-end specialty stores, charming cafes, restaurants, unique gadgets, and personalized service. In essence, it's an excellent street for both shopping and leisurely strolls.

This vibrant street boasts a diverse range of shops, offering something for everyone. For instance, you can explore Jolanta Izabela's at #100, a quaint art boutique where you can purchase one-of-a-kind handmade jewelry, clothing, and sculptures. Then there's the atmospheric IBERICUS at #93, known for its high-quality Spanish cured hams suspended from the ceiling. If you're in the mood for coffee, you'll find coffee shops, as well as supermarkets, vintage clothing stores, and interior decorating boutiques.

Also make sure to visit the historic Posthoornkerk at #124, which represents architect Pierre Cuypers' inaugural creation in Amsterdam. Further down the street lies the West-Indisch Huis at #75, once the residence of the Dutch West India Company.

If you're looking for a hearty meal, Harlem Soul Food at #77 is the place to be, offering nourishing "soul food", along with hearty sandwiches and fruit shakes.

In summary, if you're seeking an authentic Amsterdam shopping experience, Haarlemmerstraat is a must-visit destination.

Bonus Tip:
Haarlemmerstraat seamlessly transitions into Haarlemmerdijk, where you'll discover the finest chocolate, delectable gelato, Spanish ham, Portuguese pastries, and the city's best hummus.

Anne Frank once found comfort in the gentle chimes of the Western Church鈥檚 bells鈥攁 reassuring hint of life outside her secret refuge鈥攗ntil those very bells were melted down for the German war effort. The church鈥檚 85-meter-tall tower still stands as Amsterdam鈥檚 most dazzling spire. Rising gracefully above the city, it offers balconies with stunning panoramic views of the center and a carillon that strikes every quarter-hour, plus occasional full musical interludes. At its tip, you鈥檒l find Emperor Maximilian鈥檚 crown, a proud emblem of Amsterdam and a glittering highlight of this Protestant landmark. Built by Hendrick de Keyser and completed in 1631, a decade after his passing, the church was a vital piece of the city鈥檚 early expansion.

Outwardly, the Western Church projects an air of restrained elegance; inside, however, it embraces Calvinist simplicity. Apart from the ample plain-glass windows that flood the space with natural light, the main attractions are the grand Baroque organ and the ornate wooden pulpit, topped by an oversized sounding board that once lent authority to lengthy sermons. While the Protestant elite shunned opulent decorations, they did indulge in a little exclusivity: boxed-in benches at the base of the nave鈥檚 stone columns, rented out by the well-to-do to signal their status.

Feeling adventurous? From April to October, you can climb the tower for a firsthand look at the bells and unbeatable views from a platform near the top. The stairs are steep enough to be interesting, but not so tough as to keep you from reaching one of the best vantage points in Amsterdam.

This neo-Gothic Roman Catholic church, with its striking brick fa莽ade from 1854, is a visual stunner鈥攏o tower necessary. Its exterior commands attention and makes a photographer鈥檚 job delightfully easy, while the interior goes all out: literally every column, corner, and crevice is painted, with stained glass windows adding an extra dose of grandeur. It鈥檚 a feast for the eyes, inside and out.

Back in the day, Gothic architecture held a special place in Catholic hearts, as it harked back to the glory days of majestic cathedrals. In December 1854, the Catholic newspaper De Tijd heaped praise on the newly built church: 鈥淭he Church of Our Lady stands as a testament to the marvels of Gothic architecture. Within its walls, one encounters no mishmash of discordant styles and orders, a regrettable sight often witnessed in various church edifices, including those of more recent origin. This architectural style radiates purity and harmony among its diverse elements, coming together to form a breathtaking entirety that leaves an indelible mark on all who cross its sacred threshold. The facade, too, is a masterpiece, gracing the Emperor鈥檚 Canal.鈥�

Fast forward to 1985, and the church was handed over to the Syrian Orthodox Church. But Catholic services still hold their ground. For Sunday Mass, tourists are more than welcome, with services conveniently offered in English.

Amid the canal district of Amsterdam lies a charming enclave known as the "Nine Little Streets". This cluster of quaint byways, situated adjacent to the Prinsengracht, Keizersgracht, Herengracht, and Singel canals in the heart of Amsterdam, has borne this moniker since the 1990s. Collectively, these streets constitute a distinct micro-neighborhood nestled within the broader western Grachtengordel, or "Canal Belt", renowned for its eclectic array of small shops and eateries.

Woven with intricate brickwork lanes, the Nine Little Streets beckon with an assortment of offerings, including designer boutiques like Antonia by Yvette, Donna Fiera, and Sky Fashions, as well as inviting cafes, vintage emporiums, and specialty stores. Meandering through these charming streets can easily occupy your hours as you explore the diverse treasures they hold.

Tip:
Bij Ons Vintage, located at Reestraat #13, is a vintage boutique specializing in denim, leather, and sportswear dating from the 1950s to the 1970s. It's an excellent destination for discovering distinctive clothing and accessories that won't break the bank.
Meanwhile, at #20, the petite waxwork establishment known as Pontifex rivals Madame Tussauds with its vibrant assortment of candles in every conceivable variety. Adjacent to it, you'll find the intriguing clinic of the somewhat eerie doll doctor, Kramer.

Dam Square, or the Dam, is a central town square in Amsterdam, known for its significant buildings and frequent events. Positioned in the historical heart of Amsterdam, it sits on the site of the original dam on the Amstel River. The square extends some 200 meters from west to east and 100 meters from north to south, connecting Damrak and Rokin streets that trace the Amstel's original course.

The square is also the termination point for other notable streets like New Dike, Calf Street, and Dam Street, with the main red-light district, De Wallen, just beyond its northeast corner. Prominent features on Dam Square include the neoclassical Royal Palace, the 15th-century Gothic New Church, the Madame Tussauds Wax Museum, and the National Monument which honors World War II victims, all of which collectively turn the Dam into a major tourist hub.

The name "Amsterdam" originates from a dam built on the Amstel River around 1270. This dam, integral to the city's development, included a discharge sluice and later locks to facilitate navigation and control water levels. By 1275, the settlement was significant enough to be recorded in connection with a road toll granted by the count of Holland, Floris V. Over time, the dam expanded to accommodate a town square, now known as Dam Square. Eventually, the area became a hub for commercial and governmental activities, featuring a large fish market and a town hall.

Significant changes occurred over the centuries, including the demolition of a weigh house in 1808 to clear the view for Louis Bonaparte鈥檚 Royal Palace and the infilling of Damrak Avenue in the 19th century. The square also hosted the Beurs van Zocher stock exchange until 1903. Today, the De Bijenkorf department store has been in its place since 1914. Dam Square has also been a site for national events 鈥� such as the National Memorial Day commemorations at the National Monument unveiled in 1956, and public demonstrations, 鈥� maintaining its status as a national and cultural gathering spot for the Dutch.

Tip:
For those in need of a restroom, free and well-maintained toilets are available at the De Bijenkorf shop on the 5th floor.

The Royal Palace of Amsterdam is a historic monument on Dam Square and is one of the four palaces in the Netherlands still left at the disposal of the Dutch Royal Family.

Its inception dates back to 1655. Back then, the city had recently thwarted William of Orange's attempts to subdue it and the city council sought a residence that would symbolize Amsterdam's municipal authority and pride. This led to a remarkably forward-thinking design鈥攖he Dutch interpretation of the classical principles revived during the Italian Renaissance. The architectural project led by Jacob van Campen implied over 13,500 wooden piles to support the building.

Initially designed as the town hall overlooking the bustling Damrak wharves, it was converted into a royal palace by King Louis I of Holland, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1806.

In 1936, the building was designated a property of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Today, it serves a ceremonial role for the monarchy, hosting state visits, official functions, and award ceremonies. The palace also played a pivotal role during the investiture of Queen Beatrix in 1980.

The building's distinctive sandstone fa莽ade has darkened over time. Astride the rear of it is a 6-meter statue of Atlas carrying the globe.

The interior is equally opulent, notably in the Citizens' Hall, featuring an arcaded marble chamber where the enthroned figure of Amsterdam presides over the earthly and celestial realms. Three circular, inlaid marble maps, depicting the eastern and western hemispheres, as well as the northern sky, lie at her feet. Other allegorical figures include Wisdom and Strength, flanking "Amsterdam" on her left and right, while the reliefs on either side of the central group portray the principles of good governance. On the left, the god Amphion plays his lyre, persuading stones to form a wall; and on the right, Mercury seeks to lull Argos to sleep, thus emphasizing the importance of vigilance.

Tip:
Before your visit, be sure to check online for opening hours, as the palace may occasionally be closed due to royal events.
Free entry for those under 18 and discounts for seniors and students are available.

The Beguine Courtyard of the Begijnhof Chapel, one of Amsterdam's most ancient hidden courtyards, holds the distinction of being the sole inner court in the city founded during the Middle Ages and situated within the Singel鈥攖he innermost canal of Amsterdam's circular canal system. Adorned with manicured gardens, this courtyard sits at medieval street level, which places it a meter lower than the rest of the old city center. As the name suggests, it originally belonged to a community of Beguines鈥攍aywomen leading a semi-monastic life dedicated to prayer and charitable endeavors.

A cluster of historical edifices, predominantly private residences, surrounds the courtyard. These are tall townhouses, characterized by the distinctive Amsterdam architectural style, accentuating the court's relatively secluded ambiance. Unlike most courtyards, the buildings here are not arranged in rows connecting one dwelling to another; instead, there are 47 traditional townhouses, many adorned with facades dating back to the 17th and 18th centuries. However, the structures themselves often have origins predating this period, with eighteen of them retaining their original Gothic wooden framework.

During medieval times, the courtyard was entirely encircled by canals, offering only one entrance accessible via a bridge. Today, remnants of this entrance, known as the Begijnesloot, are still visible, thanks to a restoration effort in 1907. The stone doorway prominently displays the figure of Saint Ursula, the patron saint of Amsterdam's Beguines. Meanwhile, the entrance on Spuistraat, which was constructed at a later date, underwent significant changes in the 19th century.

In Amsterdam, the beguines, devout Catholic women who remained unmarried, may have lost their original church to the rise of Calvinism, which led to the establishment of the current English Reformed Church in the city. However, in accordance with the terms of the 'Alteratie', which was then part of the larger conflict between Protestantism and Catholicism in Europe, they were granted the opportunity to discreetly conduct Mass in the secret Catholic Begijnhof Chapel, which was set up in a house situated directly across from their former church. Initially consecrated to Saint John the Baptist, it was subsequently rededicated to Saint Ursula, the patron saint of the beguines. This quaint little chapel is still in use today, adorned with rather sentimental religious paintings, a splendid altar featuring a depiction of the Last Supper, and an array of other religious artworks and relics.

The adjacent peaceful courtyard, which dates back to 1346, served as the residence for beguines who led a semi-monastic life in service to the community (the last beguine passed away in 1970). Nowadays, the little gabled houses in Begijnhof, constructed between the 14th and 17th centuries, provide homes for elderly retired women, so it's advisable to be respectful of their privacy. During springtime, the Begijnhof lawn is adorned with a colorful carpet of daffodils and crocuses, enhancing the tranquil and spiritual ambiance of the place.

Tip:
For those interested, you can find Het Houten Huys ("The Wooden House") just across the courtyard's lawn. This remarkable structure, dating back to 1425, is the oldest house in Amsterdam and one of only two surviving wooden residences in the city.

Calf Street is a pedestrian zone and a major shopping street, running for about 750 meters from Dam Square to Muntplein Square. Alongside are a number of notable locations such as the former Orphanage building (now housing the Amsterdam Museum), the Saints Peter and Paul church, and the Orphanage Gate.

The street traces its roots back to the 14th century when it was known as The Lane and served as the western dike of the Amstel River. Later, it came to be known as Calf Street after the cattle market that existed there from 1486 until 1629.

On 16 March 1345, a Eucharistic miracle (known as the Miracle of Amsterdam or the Miracle of the Host) occurred in the area. Upon receiving the Holy Sacrament and last rites, a dying man vomited The Host (or the Sacramental bread used in the Christian ritual of the Eucharist). According to liturgical regulations, The Host was then put into fire but miraculously 鈥渟urvived鈥� and was retrieved from the ashes intact the following day. This miracle was quickly acknowledged and, eventually, a large pilgrim chapel, called the "Holy Site", was built on the spot where it occurred. Presently, this miracle is commemorated annually with a Silent Procession through Calf Street.

By the late 19th century, Calf Street was the first street in Amsterdam to be paved, fitted with electricity, and hosted the first public film screening by the Lumi猫re brothers (in 1896). The V&D branch on Calf Street, opened in 1912, was the Netherlands' first real department store and the first to feature elevators and escalators.

Today, Calf Street is the most expensive shopping street in the Netherlands, with rent prices reaching up to 3,000 euros per square meter. It has approximately 150 shops including several department stores, such as Bijenkorf (Amsterdam's premier option), Peek & Cloppenburg, and Maison de Bonneterie. The five-story Kalvertoren shopping center adds about 40+ stores to the area. At Number 212, you'll encounter the ever-present and budget-friendly HEMA, established in 1926, offering affordable designer goods, practical clothing, stationery, kitchenware, and food items.

Calf Street also features a branch of the Waterstone's bookshop chain, at Number 152. On Rokin, is one of the standout shops 鈥� the PGC Hajenius tobacconist, at Number 96. If you have a penchant for Havanas from a well-maintained humidor or seek a traditional clay pipe as a souvenir, this establishment is sure to delight you.

Introduced in 1995, the Shopping Sunday regulation, allowing local shops to work on Sundays, has been drawing additional crowds to the area ever since.

Housed in the robust Neo-Classical edifice that formerly served as the headquarters of the Dutch central bank, the Allard Pierson Museum stands as an exemplar of a traditional archaeological museum, spanning across two levels. It may not possess expansive dimensions, yet it boasts an expansive array of discoveries, primarily culled from the realms of Egypt, Greece, and Italy. Fortunately, the informative signage is rendered in both English and Dutch.

The ground level is devoted to transitory exhibitions and the Egyptian relics, among which a captivating section is dedicated to the Coptic Christians, who still constitute a segment comprising around 10% (8 million) of the Egyptian populace. Among their contributions is the alteration of the conventional Egyptian mummy, where the stereotypical visage is replaced with a true likeness of the departed individual 鈥� an artistic feat splendidly exemplified by several exquisite specimens. Notable also is a charmingly crafted representation of a vessel and its crew from the Middle Kingdom, intended as a funerary artifact designed to convey the soul of the deceased to the realm beyond.

Ascending to the upper level, the museum's pi猫ce highlight resides in its collection of Greek pottery, boasting magnificent instances of both black- and red-figured ceramics hailing from the 6th and 5th centuries BC. Additionally, one must keep a vigilant eye for a trove of opulent Roman sarcophagi, particularly the colossal one wrought from marble and embellished with Dionysian vignettes. Etruscan funerary urns and sculptures, including a detailed statue depicting an infant swathed in swaddling attire, further enrich this institution's offerings.

The Netherlands' magnificent national museum is the most frequently visited museum in Amsterdam, boasting an astounding collection of nearly one million Dutch works of art, though only a fraction of this vast treasure is on public display. Its origins trace back to 1808 when King Louis Napoleon established it within the Royal Palace on the Dam, later relocating to its current site near the Vondelpark in 1885.

Architect Pierre Cuypers contributed to the museum's distinctive blend of Gothic and Renaissance architecture, resulting in a structure that not only exudes architectural grandeur but also offers an extensive interior space. This expansion was undertaken with the sole purpose of accommodating the entire collection transported from The Hague.

In recent years, the Rijksmuseum has undergone extensive renovations, featuring a remarkable new entrance area. However, the heightened structure has altered the original floor plan, making navigation between sections somewhat challenging. The ground floor, designated as Floor 0, houses a diverse range of exhibits, including early Flemish paintings (1100鈥�1600) on one side and collections encompassing items like delftware, armaments, and ship models on the other. Floor 1 showcases Dutch art from the 18th and 19th centuries, with notable works by artists such as Van Gogh and representatives of the Hague School of landscape artists. Moving upward, Floor 3 provides an overview of 20th-century art and applied art, featuring Dutch luminaries like Karel Appel and Gerrit Rietveld. In the midst of these levels, Floor 2 houses the heart of the collection: the Golden Age paintings, which understandably draw the most attention from visitors, with key works prominently displayed in the expansive Gallery of Honour. Temporary exhibitions are hosted in a separate wing.

When visiting, be sure to pick up a complimentary map at the reception desk. Keep in mind that the Rijksmuseum is exceptionally popular, so it's advisable to arrive early in the day, especially during major temporary exhibitions. Additionally, you can significantly reduce wait times by possessing an I amsterdam card, a Museumkaart, or by booking your visit online.

Why You Should Pay a Visit:
It's the place where the art you've encountered in your art classes and books comes to life.

Tip:
Browse until you've had your fill, then take a break from the art and artifacts at the excellent atrium caf茅 before exploring another section.